During the operation of concrete machinery, the cylinder often needs to withstand large impact and inertial forces. Therefore, the design of the buffer device is crucial to ensure the stable operation of the cylinder, extend its service life, and ensure the working accuracy and safety of the entire concrete machinery.
First, the type of buffer structure is one of the key points. Common buffer structures include throttling buffer and porous buffer. Throttling buffer sets a throttle valve on the oil port or buffer plunger of the cylinder. When the piston moves to the end of the stroke, the oil can only flow out through the throttle valve, thereby generating back pressure to slow down the movement speed of the piston. The porous buffer has a series of small holes on the buffer plunger. As the piston advances, the oil gradually flows out of the small holes to achieve a buffering effect. When choosing, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the workload, movement speed, and working frequency of the concrete machinery. For example, for a concrete pump truck cylinder with a large workload and a fast movement speed, it may be more suitable to use a combination of throttling buffer and porous buffer to ensure effective buffering under different working conditions.
Secondly, the reasonable determination of the buffer stroke. The buffer stroke should be calculated based on the maximum working stroke, working speed and required buffer force of the cylinder. If the buffer stroke is too short, the kinetic energy of the cylinder may not be fully consumed, resulting in poor buffering effect, and may even damage the cylinder and related components; while if the buffer stroke is too long, the overall length and weight of the cylinder will increase, affecting the layout and performance of the concrete machinery. For example, in the design of the unloading cylinder of a concrete mixer, the movement speed and load change of the cylinder during unloading should be accurately calculated to determine the appropriate buffer stroke so that the unloading process is smooth and impact-free.
Furthermore, the sealing and wear resistance design of the buffer device cannot be ignored. Due to the large changes in the flow rate and pressure of the oil during the buffering process, the requirements for seals are high. The seals need to have good high pressure resistance, high temperature resistance and wear resistance to prevent oil leakage and reduced buffering effect. At the same time, the internal structure of the buffer device, such as the buffer plunger, the inner wall of the cylinder and other contact parts, should be made of wear-resistant materials or undergo special surface treatments, such as chrome plating, nitriding, etc., to improve its wear resistance and reduce component damage and precision reduction caused by long-term friction.
Finally, the debugging and optimization of the buffer device. After the installation of concrete machinery product cylinder is completed, the buffer performance needs to be debugged. By adjusting the opening of the throttle valve, the size of the buffer plunger and other parameters, the buffer device can adapt to the actual working conditions. And during use, according to the operating status and feedback information of the machinery, the buffer device is continuously optimized to ensure that it always maintains a good buffer effect, providing a strong guarantee for the efficient and stable operation of concrete machinery.
